Milgram s Research On Obedience Essay - 1067 Words

Why did Milgram decide to study this topic? What was the motivating factor/event that inspired Milgram to research obedience? †¢ The main reason that Milgram decided to study the topic of obedience was to better understand the extreme inhumane conditions that Jews faced during the holocaust at the hands of German soldiers. Over the 12 year period between the early 1930’s through the mid 1940’s millions of Jews died in death camps run by Germans. Since Milgram himself was of Jewish descent, Milgram wanted to know how and why soldiers obeyed orders to kill innocent people. What was hypothesized? You may not find an explicit hypothesis in the article, but do your best to write a summary of what Milgram thought he might find when conducting the experiment. †¢ In this experiment Milgram hypothesized, how far participants were willing to carry out commands from a peer who had greater power and authority over them; even if these commands went totally against their values. How many participants (called subjects in the article) were observed, how were they selected, and how would you describe them? †¢ In the Milgram obedience study 40 males participated in the experience, all of participants were selected based on a newspaper article ad that Milgram placed. It stated that if they participate in an experiment at Yale University they would be paid a sum of $4.50, which at the time was a large amount of money. Of the 40 men that were selected their ages ranged from 20 years oldShow MoreRelatedStanley Milgram s Research On Obedience863 Words   |  4 PagesStanley Milgram s groundbreaking studies on obedience certainly shocked the world with their electrifying results. The experiment that Milgram conducted included ordinary people delivering â€Å"shocks† to an unknown subject, which caused much controversy to occur and raised many questions in the psychological world. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California and one of Milgram’s colleagues, attacks Milgram’s ethics in her review. She decides that Milgram s tests are unethical toward sRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s Perils Of Obedience Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesStill, many questions still remain prevalent as to how an individual reaches his or her decision on obedience in a distressing environment. Inspired by Nazi trials, Stanley Milgram, an American psychologist, questions the social norm in â€Å"Perils of Obedience† (1964), where he conducted a study to test how far the average American was willing to for under the pressures of an authority figure. Milgram s study showed that under the orders of an authoritative figure, 64% of average Americans had the capabilityRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1053 Words   |  5 PagesStudy of Obedience† by Stanley Milgram (1963) Stanley Milgram Yale University Group 1: Wasis Ali, Christopher Okpala, Michelle Walden, Estefany Majano General Psychology 1010 Ms. Thompson Spring Semester, March 17, 2014 Introduction In 1961, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology published an article by Stanley Milgram, a researcher at Yale University, and his study testing obedience towards political influence vs towards morals and values taught from an early age (Milgram, 1963)Read MoreMilgram s Experiments On Obedience By Ian Parker955 Words   |  4 PagesKnown as the man who shocked the world, Stanley Milgram conducted a series of experiments that changed the way power of authority was viewed. A few psychologists have declared that Milgram s experiment was eye-opening, but others have also stated that his experiment verified nothing about obedience. As the author of the article Obedience, Ian Parker critiques Milgram s experiment claiming that it had its faults; for example, his conclusions failed to prove his theory on the occurrence of theRead MoreMilgram Experiment : What Was The Intent?1571 Words   |  7 PagesHitler condemn so many people to death and question why he was hated by them?† Well that is exactly why Stanley Milgram conducted experiments to test how far an ordinary person would inflict pain onto a stranger. The Nazi killing was brutal and inhumane but the people conflicting death upon thousands felt no remorse or guilt so the Milgram Experiment was used to finally get answers. Milgram concluded that many will go to extreme lengths to obey authority and tend to believe what they are doing is theRead MoreMilgram Experiment : What Was The Intent?1573 Words   |  7 Pagesdid the subordinates of Adolph Hitler blindly follow his immoral orders?† Well, that is exactly why Stanley Milgram conducted experiments to test how far an ordinary person would go to inflict pain onto a stranger. The Nazi killing was brutal and inhumane, but the people conflicting death upon thousands felt no remorse or guilt so the Milgram Experiment was used to finally get answers. Milgram concluded that many will go to extreme lengths to obey authority and tend to believe what they are doing isRead MoreHistory Of Obedience And Conformity1729 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Obedience and Conformity With the utterance of â€Å"research in obedience,† Stanley Milgram is the epithet in social psychology. 56 years ago, Milgram tested the limits of a person s ability to commit deeds that would normally be directionally challenging to their moral compass when commanded to act by an authority figure. Just 15 years after the World War II Holocaust, the Milgram experiments was a social psychology response to a topic of â€Å"particular relevance† during that time (Milgram, 1963):Read MoreA Brief Summary of Milgrams Seminal Research on Obedience to Authority1016 Words   |  5 Pagesintentional mistreatment of others (Berkowitz, 1999). Because of the fields situationistic perspective emphasizing the individuals susceptibility to the power of the immediate situation, social psychologists generally view the fairly high levels of obedience to authority displayed in Milgrams classic experiment as the paradigmatic example of evil behavior (Berkowitz, 1999). Reading about the work of Ross and Nisbett, 1991 (as cited in Berkowitz, 1999, p. 247) stated that â€Å"social psychologists, byRead MoreA Study On Obedience And The Obedience1178 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Stanley Milgram wanted to do a study on the obedience to an authority figure, and the obedience is a situationist experiment that evidences what happened the real life (Badhwar, 2009). Milgram’s idea was the Holocaust situation and the Nazis who had the authority over European Jews, during World War II, when the Nazi killed thousands of people because they had power, as well as how lived Nazis enemies in the death camps. The point of the research was people behavior in the obedience situation,Read MoreStanley Milgram s Theory Of Group Conformity, The Power Of Peer Pressure1333 Words   |  6 PagesStanley Milgram was born in 1933 and was raised in New York. He graduated from James Monroe High School in 1950. Milgram then went on to earn his bachelor s degree from Queens College in 1954. His profound love of city life which was reflected in his 1970 article for Science on The Experience of City Living. Milgram later went on and furthered his studies at Harvard where he earned his Ph.D. Milgram was interested in social issues when it came to sociology. Milgram spent 1959-1960 at the Institute

The Debate Of Nature V. Nurture - 1688 Words

In our society there are many controversial topics that are discussed amongst many of us. Sociology reveals those topics and shines a light on them. Without sociology, we wouldn t be able to decipher what we think is â€Å"common sense†, from actual facts and evidence. After carefully studying an abundance of data from things such as experiments, statistics, and the macro perspective of experiences, only then can we find what we think may be the truth. A specific example of a controversial sociological topic is the debate of nature v. nurture. This debate has been going on for a very long time, and it really depends on who you talk to about it. What nature v. nurture refers to is that you are either the person you are because of heredity, or you are who you are because of society and are thus, a product of your environment. People s experiences and own personal findings affect how they see this particular subject matter. If you were to ask John Locke, he would tell you that â €Å"a child s mind is a (blank slate). They become what they are taught to be.† (Thio) Now this probably makes sense to you, at least to some degree. But to others this doesn t make sense at all. Some people, whether conscious or unconscious of it, will blame almost anything on heredity. Things like â€Å"You got that attitude from your mother.† or â€Å"Your father used to say that same thing when he was your age.† The question is, was it really passed down to you, or did you learn it? Things like this are the entireShow MoreRelatedSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pagesthe debate over nature versus nurture. With that debate going on there are many topics that are being researched under it, like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate. WhatRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Or Nurture874 Words   |  4 Pages Nature or Nurture. Nature may be all of the genes and hereditary factors with which influence them to become who they are such as physical appearances and personality characteristics. Nurturing impacts people’s lives as well as how they are raised and all the environmental factors. In combination, these qualities can be the true identity of oneself. Many people may argue that nurture appears to a play huge factor in the two, but others may think otherwise. Not having both as a characteristic canRead Morediscuss nature vs nurture in gender development901 Words   |  4 Pages Discuss the nature v nurture debate in gender development There are generally two sides to the nature versus nurture debate of gender. The nature side of the argument states sex and gender is for the most part, biologically determined and that the two sexes think and act differently, often in opposing ways. Also that gender is fixed and not much changing across cultures and time periods. On the other side of the debate is nurture. The nurture side of the debate states that gender which is theRead MoreNature vs Nurture, a Not Quite a Twin1684 Words   |  7 PagesNature vs Nurture A Not Quite Twin Study Tamara Richardson Seminole State College of Florida Abstract This paper is going to discuss the Nature vs Nurture debate. There will be history of the debate, where it is presently and where it may go in the future. We will look at the beginning of the debate, the battle that started with Descartes and was pushed further by BF Skinner, Bandura and Piaget. We will further look at Bandura and Piaget and look at Social learning theory verses biology. InterviewsRead MoreWhat Roles Do Nature And Nurture Play On Children s Language Development?1054 Words   |  5 PagesWhat roles do nature and nurture play in children’s language development? From a baby s first word to their first complete sentence, there s a lot to debate with their language development. The average child has a vocabulary of up to six-thousand words by the time they turn five years old (Brighthubcom, 2016). Language development is one of the most critical roles for an educator in both early childhood and primary settings. It is this ability of language development that is particularly interestingRead MoreTruman Capote -In Cold Blood - Nature vs Nurture1274 Words   |  6 Pagesryan hegarty In Cold Blood. Question 2 â€Å"Nature vs Nurture† Truman Capote’s acclaimed â€Å"non-fiction† novel, In Cold Blood explores the concept as to whether killers are born or made, following the brutal murders of the Clutter family in rural Kansas. Capote develops Perry Smith’s horrid, unfortunate upbringing as a key narrative device which serves to illustrate the effect of childhood experiences on adult behaviour. Capote manipulates the reader’s idea of morality, controversially portraying PerryRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Childhood Obesity1510 Words   |  7 PagesIan Duffy Nature v. Nurture in Childhood Adiposity The nature versus nurture debate is one of the most longstanding arguments in the history of psychology and it aims to determine what has greater influence on personal development; one’s genes and inherited qualities compared to one’s environment. This debate is especially interesting in the study of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is growing at an alarming rate in most developed countries throughout the world and it cannot be understatedRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : A Debate On Education Since The Late 1600 S1268 Words   |  6 Pagesedu Nature versus Nurture has been a debate in education since the late 1600’s. The debate began with John Locke s perspective of children as â€Å"tabula rasa† meaning blank slate, when he stated that at birth we are all the same, but it is our unique â€Å"experiences that write the script of our behavioral repertoire† (Allen, Boykin, Jagers, n. d.). His theory states that an individual s experience and environment is what makes them who they are. This idea gave us the foundation for our â€Å"nurture† argumentRead MoreThe Life Of Richard Ramirez798 Words   |  4 Pageshis criminal record. The mental health disorders that Richard suffered from were antisocial personality disorder (APD), and substance use disorder (SUD). The criteria to diagnose a person with an antisocial personality disorder according to the DSM-V is a â€Å"pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since age 15 year.† According to this criteria Richard would have been diagnosed with this personality disorder. For example, according to the DSM someone who suffersRead MoreSymbolism and Metaphor In The Humbling River by Maynard James Keenan1399 Words   |  6 Pagestranscend human nature?† have been a subject of debate for philosophical and theological thinkers for centuries. In recent history, scientific discoveries have led to a resurgence of these ancient debates that break down into three primary schools of thought. There are those who believe that we, like the rest of the animal kingdom, have certain basic â€Å"programming† that deter mines our fundamental nature, and those who believe that human beings are born â€Å"tabula rasa† and that nurture determines who

Building and Planting Vegetable Gardens Free Essays

The structure of your vegetable garden does not have to be entirely functional but it should also look and feel good. Building some decorative arches and some tomato cages not only makes your garden look good but also helps it produce more crops. After all, there is more to planting vegetable gardens than just cultivating a spot of land. We will write a custom essay sample on Building and Planting Vegetable Gardens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Function Over Form The most well known form garden structures are those that are built to sustain plants and give them the room to climb, hold up the weight of its fruits and other plants as well. Building cages and poles lets you have a vertical garden which boosts your produce per square foot since you’ll have more space to plant in the ground. Vegetables like cucumbers, peas, peppers and eggplants need lots of garden support. Carrying these vegetables above ground not only will produce better crop it also protects it from insects found in the soil. Plus, the fruits will be less likely to rot if planted this way. Building other support structures like stakes and cages will help in making your plants grow stronger and taller. Choose Your Structure. If you plan to shop for things for your garden online or in a garden store, you’ll notice how many choices there are when it comes to garden structures. A great online garden resource is a company called Garden Supply Company. Not only do they have a mail-order catalogue, they make trellises for plants like cucumbers that serve as a shade to neighboring plants, tomato cages, spiral supports, bean towers, maypoles and others. Garden structures may vary especially in terms of form and function because they not only are very supportive of plants it also makes your garden look ood. The best kind of garden is not only beautiful, but also enhances the health of the vegetables planted there. Form over Function There are so many options when it comes to building your vegetable garden especially if you’re purpose is purely aesthetic. You can build ornaments like arches, trellises or archways to beautify your garden. You can even build walls or doorways to surround your garden for a more visual appeal. For gardens like these, you can decorate them with plants aside from vegetables. You can plant beautiful flowers to cover your trellis but choose flowers that are sun friendly and attract helpful insects. An example is trumpet flowers, which are not only beautiful but they attract bees for your vegetable garden. Since you also want to attract helpful creatures, you can build a bird bath or a bird house in your garden. If you’re particularly into organic gardening, the birds can certainly help eliminate pests As long as you keep your garden attractive to birds and other helpful insects, they will spend a lot of time in your garden and repay you by eating away harmful pests. Supporting Your Plants Building plant supports are essential garden structures which is why it’s necessary to use them in the proper way to maximize results. This does not mean building stakes or cages in the ground and leave the plant to grow on its own. There are other materials like plant ties, jute cords or twines which you can use to tie up your plant to the cages or poles but don’t tie them too tight. Another great support when it comes to planting vegetables gardens are stakes. Make sure to drive them properly into the ground and space them a little further from your main plant to avoid hitting its roots. How to cite Building and Planting Vegetable Gardens, Papers

Chile and the Revolution from Below free essay sample

Though the liberation of the Yarur Mill occurred on April 28, 1971 in what would be described as a spontaneous seizure by the union leaders of the mill, it was decades of oppression, manipulation, and exploitation that forced the hands of the workers to either live free, or die trying to gain that freedom. The necessity for the Chilean revolution was not only seen from the bottom up perspective of the workers, it also was recognized from the top down, by the Salvador Allende government, and the people of Chile who voted his Populist Party into power. Faced with the majority of its wealth in the hands of the elite class and foreign investors, the workers, peasants, urban lower class, and the indigenous population were understandably receptive to Marxist and Communist politics which changed their fundamental beliefs about the distribution of a nations wealth. Factors such as these, combined with the presidential victory of Allende in 1970, increased the workers confidence at the Yarur Mill to seize the factory, igniting the social revolution of Chile from the bottom up. We will write a custom essay sample on Chile and the Revolution from Below or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Simultaneously, with the same goal of the socialization in mind, Allende would be forced to quicken his political platform, which would in turn create a well foreseen backlash that would lead to his demise and the ultimate sacrifice, his life. Chilean society at the time leading up to the toma, was monopolized by a small elite economically, politically, and socially. For example, the textile industry monopoly was facilitated by ethnic ties and social links and was controlled y three families Though the textile industry was its own sector within the Chilean economy, it could be a prime example of how wealth concentrated itself within the hands of a tiny population at the top of a capitalistic society. To make matters increasingly dire for the poor workers and peasants at the bottom of society, the clans that dominated Chile economically had no intention at spreading the wealth nationally, or as in the case of the Yarurs, compensating the workers a fair rate of pay. If the workers of the Yarur Mill were to receive fair treatment, they were going flip the socioeconomic pyramid on its point and put the workers on the top by force. Allendes Popular Unitys partys belief that the revolution changes required by Chile can only be carried out if the people of Chile take power into their own hands and exercise it in a true and effective manner. is exactly what the workers of the Yarur Mill began to do after repeatedly being suppressed by Amador Yarur in their quest for fair treatment. After the brutal suppression they faced, their was no other choice but to rise, organize, and attempt to socialize their workplace from a grassroots effort, not from the top of the organization down, but from the bottom up. With a tyrant like Amador Yarur at the top, they could only start one person at a time, slowly creating trusted alliances and preparing to take action as soon as the opportunity presented itself. Prior to the unionization of the Yarur Mill at its eventual seizure, the obreros, who eventually evolved into companeros, unsuccessfully attempted to organize on two separate occasions. In response, the Yarurs, both Juan and Amador responded, flexing their hegemonic muscles, reinforcing tactics of fear, suppression and terminating those who dare buck the system. The companeros, in order to be successful had to use covert tactics and operate with stealth precision or risk exposure and face a guaranteed firing and being blacklisted by those in Chile with the power to hire. In Chile, the elites wanted no part of the democratic road to socialism which Allende promised during the election and they were going to do whatever it took to hold on to the socio-economic superior position in society. Raul Oliva, one of the companeros who helped to establish the first successful union at the mill, recalled that We only had a small group of people here, but they were all young people, all fighters It was ten against Yarur. This was another aspect of revolution from below. Not only was it a revolution from workers up to the elite, it was also from the Youngsters in the mill up to the Old-Timers. After the failure of Eduardo Freis mild reforms, and the Chile in an economic slump, Allendes campaign platform of populism, socialism, and nationalism was not only influenced the companeros at the Yarur Mill to take action, it also gave hope to an entire nation. La Via Chilena would require Allendes government to acquire foreign companies who were monopolizing key sectors of the economy and nationalize them, using profits to fund programs of agrarian reform, housing development, and medical care for the people of Chile. These promises of a peaceful revolution with empanadas y vino tinto, energized his base of workers, peasants, and pobladores whose votes won the presedential election of 1970 for Allende. Allende knew that the elite in Chile would oppose his reforms and the nationalization of key sectors in the economy. Though he promised popular benefits and visions of socialist transformation, his intentions were to bring about these reforms from the top down, through a gradual and legal democratic path, not the radical and potentially violent direction that decades of oppression could evoke. This was the main reason the Companero Presidentes initial aims were both modest and his long term goal was to prepare the way for the democratic constriction of socialism He was preceding with caution, knowing that a dramatic and radical transition would elicit a counterrevolution from both at home and abroad. Allendes point of view could not have been more apparent after the liberation of the Yarur Mill by the obreros. He believed that Controlled change, with a disciplined mass base and a clear hierarchy of command was the only way to defeat his opposition. His immediate refusal to aid the workers in the seizure of the mill was not because he did not believe in socialism or that he flip-flopped, it was because he knew the political ramifications for radical reform in Chilean society. However, Allende would choose to maintain the unity of the Left at the risk of increasing conflict with his economic, social, and political opponents. This fateful decision would not only fuel the counterrevolution, it would bring about a coup which would completely destroy everything that Allende and the workers sought to change. By the time military leader Augusto Pinochet and his troops stormed the presidential palace on September 11, 1973, there were a series of bourgeois strikes, an invisible economic blockade by U. S. and paramilitary attacks attempting to destabilize the Allende government and retake power for elite. Exactly what Salvador Allende feared would happened from the radical revolution from below came to fruition, and his prophesy of political doom was the end result. The resistance from the opposition to spread their wealth among the poor working class in Chile was sincere and powerful. The followers of Allende would pay severely for their fight against greed and corruption which would keep the Chileans under a brutal dictatorship for the next 17 years, and their passionate leader would take his own life rather than conform to his opposers will.

Men vs Woman Salaries free essay sample

The paper will analyze the differences between women and men salaries. The salaries are definitely higher for men than women in all age groups. Women with higher education will receive higher pay but not equal to men with the same years of experience due to gender, and education. The data statements that were found was that males work longer than females which may cause a lower percentage in salary for females, and that females do not negotiate salary as much as men. Another issue aused is that women in the workforce are less likely to work a full-time schedule, and leave the labor force for longer periods of time than men, which repress womens wages. These differing work patterns lead to an even larger earnings gap between men, and women suggesting that working women are penalized for their dual roles as wage earners, and those who disproportionately care for home and family. We will write a custom essay sample on Men vs Woman Salaries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We learned that the wage gap is a statistical indicator often used as an index of the status of womens earnings relative to mens. According to (Wage Gap, 2010) the age gap is expressed as a percentage in 2006, women earned 76. 6% as much as men, and it is calculated by dividing the median annual earnings for women by the median annual earnings for men. The (Wage Gap, 2010) website states that Equal Pay Act was signed in 1963, making it illegal for employers to pay unequal wages to men and women who was employed for the same Job and accomplished the same work. As stated by (Wage Gap, 2010) website that the event of the EPAs passage, women earned Just 58 cents for every dollar earned by men. It stated that in (Wage Gap, 2010) website that in 2006 the rate had only expand to 77 cents, an nhancement of less than half a penny a year. Minority women fare the worst. African American women earn Just 64 cents to every dollar earned by white men, and for Hispanic women whose fgure drops to merely 52 cents per dollars stated (Wage Gap, 2010). According to (Wage Gap, 2010) The wage gap between women and men cuts across a wide spectrum of occupations. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that in 2007 female financial advisors earned 53. % of the median weekly wages of male financial advisors, and women in sales occupations earned Just 64. 8% of mens wages in equivalent positions. Throughout the years females have been discussing salary differences. Women complain of having fewer opportunities to prove their knowledge, or experiences compare to opportunities granted to men. According to the U. S Department of Education, over the past two decades, women have made substantial educa tional progress. The large gaps between the educational levels of women and men that were evident in the early 1970s have essentially disappeared for the younger generation. Although they still lag behind males in mathematics and science achievement, high school females on average outperform males in reading nd writing. And take more credits in academic subjects. The U. S. Department of Education also revealed that females are more likely than males to attend college Center for Education Statistics, 1995). Some of the continuous complaints about executives with regards to female employees are that males are more likely to stay working for longer periods of time than females. Corporations are being forced to change its rules and regulations in order to follow governmentregulations that have been taking place with regards to equal opportunities, and equal pay to both, male and female. The National Center for Education Statistics reported that in 1993 that the average earnings of female high school graduates aged 25-34 were more than one-third lower than those of male graduates the same age. Similarly, female college graduates earn, on average, salaries that are 80 percent of what their male counterparts receive. (p. 3, 92). Differences in salaries between male and female will continue despite all rules and regulations. Female will need to be more aggressive in order to negotiate a better salary. Even though women are considered to be smarter than men in some opics such as math and reading, males still get higher salaries, even when females are as qualified for the Job as a male.

The Impact of iPad on Children between 2

The Impact of iPad on Children between 2 Situation Many children aged between two and ten years spend much of their time watching television. Others spend their time playing with electronic gadgets like iPads, iPods, and others. What many people do not understand is that these gadgets may have adverse effects on children.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of iPad on Children between 2-10 Years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While many children learn a lot through iPads, the negative effects of the iPads overshadow the learning benefit. Using an iPad for a long time may lead to children suffering from visual problems (Dillion, 2004). Limited research focuses on the effects of iPads on children. Many of the existing research agree that children aged between two and ten years encounter visual, pronunciation, violence, and comprehension problems after using iPads for a long time (Korat, 2009). This paper will come up with a PR program aimed at investigating the impacts of using iPads on children aged between two and ten years. Objective The objective of this program is to bring out the negative effects of using iPads among the children. The paper aims at creating awareness within the parents and children concerning the negative effects that iPads have on children. In the long run, the program aims at ensuring that parents reduce the number of hours their children spend playing or texting using iPads. Target audiences Many children do not understand that iPads subject them to visual problems. Hence, they spend many hours using them, which eventually lead to some complaining of eye fatigue (Williams Skoric, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To create awareness about the negative effects of iPads on children, this program will target children aged between two and ten years. Besides, pare nts do not limit the number of hours that children spend using iPads. Therefore, the paper will also target mothers as one way of ensuring that they help the young children, especially those that are two years old. These children are vulnerable to the negative effects of iPads since they are not aware about them. Target media To achieve the intended objectives, the study will use a number of media. One of the media that will be used to convey the message concerning negative effects of iPads on children aged between two and ten years is online communication through social media. The findings will be published on Facebook and Twitter to reach parents that use these social media platforms. Besides, the findings will be published in monthly and annual reports, which many parents and children can access. Publishing the results in monthly and annual reports will guarantee that the target audiences access the report at any time throughout the year. Not all parents have access to social med ia and annual and/or monthly reports. Hence, the program will also use television to enlighten parents about the negative effects of letting their children use iPads for a long period. This medium will help to reach the uneducated parents who have purchased iPads for their children. Besides, running advertisements on television will help young children, especially those that are two years old to understand the dangers of using iPads for many hours.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of iPad on Children between 2-10 Years specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategy The program will develop a comprehensive report about the adverse effects of iPads on children, which it will publish on social media and issue it as monthly and annual reports. Besides, the program will come up with a television advertisement to help young children understand the dangers of using iPads for a long time. The key message for t he study will be that long-term use of iPads among children may make them suffer from visual, pronunciation, comprehension, and violence problems (Wagner Sternberg, 1987). The program intends to enlighten the parents on the need to limit the number of hours their children spend using iPads. On the other hand, the program will educate the children aged between two and ten years concerning the dangers of using iPads for a long time. This will encourage them to cut down on the number of hours they spend playing or texting with iPads. Tactics The PR program will come up with pamphlets that contain report concerning the negative effects of iPads on children. Every parent will receive a pamphlet. This will give parents an opportunity to learn about the effects of iPads on children. To reach the children, the program will develop a captivating advertisement, which will draw the attention of the children. The advertisement will be simple and precise to make sure that children understand th e intended message. Calendar/Time table Activity Expected Implementation Period Year 2013 May 01- May 15 May 16- May 19 May 20- May 24 Preparation of the report and advertisement + Report writing and advertisement compilation + Release of the report and advertisement + Budget Activity/Item Quantity Cost (US$) Pamphlets printing 200 135.00 Transport 45.00 Television advertisement daily advertisement for two months 200.00 Total 380.00 Evaluation At the end of the program, the researchers will use different methods to evaluate the success of the program. They will determine the number of pamphlets that were distributed to the parents. This will help to establish the number of parents that the program reached. In addition, the researchers will monitor children during the campaign period to establish the number of children that watch and comply with the advertisement. During the campaign period, researchers will also monitor the advertisement to make sure that it delivers the intended message clearly and precisely.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Many children aged between two and ten years have access to iPads. They enhance their academic capacity by reading e-books and attempting online tests. On the other hand, children suffer from visual, comprehension, and pronunciation problems due to using iPads. Besides, some children become violent due to watching and playing violent games on their iPads. Many children do not know how to adjust the brightness of the iPad screen. Hence, the light makes them strain their eyes when using an iPad. This ends up leading to the children suffering from visual problems. The main problem is that both children and the parents are not aware of the negative effects of iPads. This underscores the need for establishing a PR program to enlighten parents and children about the negative effects of iPads on children. References Dillion, A. (2004). Reading from paper versus screens a critical review of the empirical. Ergonomics, 35(10), 1297-1326. Korat, O. (2009). Reading electronic books a s a support for vocabulary, story comprehension and word reading in kindergarten and first grade. Computers Education, 55(1), 24-31. Wagner, R., Sternberg, R. (1987). Executive control processes in reading: Executive control in reading comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Williams, D. Skoric, M. (2005). Internet fantasy violence: a test of aggression in an online game. Communication Monographs, 72(2), 217-233.

Yourba Art . Formal Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Yourba Art . Formal Analysis - Essay Example As a point of departure, the Olumeye statue is long reputable among the artists of the Yoruba people. Majority of the Olumeye statutes are woodcarvings that depicts a woman kneeling holding a chicken (Sculpture, and I, 7). In these statutes, the basket shaped bowl substitutes for the chicken. It is realizable that, when the Olumeye is used during a welcome ritual, the carved woman brings reputation by attending to her guests by satisfying their hunger through kola nuts. The use of kola nuts in the image is a manifestation of the food provided to the visitors during special visits. The woman’s youthful body, the posture of her offering and stylization of her hair indicates her beauty, however, something with her fertility was in a mess but now it is solved. The kneeling is an indication of a relationship with a higher force, most probably a god of fertility. The divination of the kola nut bowl is in the shape of a chicken that is offered to the gods as a sign of appreciation. The chicken symbolizes the mother’s new state (Sculpture, and I, 15). According to the Yoruba, the carrying of babies indicated the mother’s long period of sexual abstinence and repressed menstruation, which suggest spotlessness and cleanliness, a satisfying female aspect. The image indicates the culture, origin and beliefs of the Yoruba people, who believe that they originated from the city of life, which is the present Nigeria. The Yoruba believes that Nigeria is the site of the Yoruba’s creation story. The manifestation of the kola nut in the image is a depiction that, the Yoruba community are farmers (Sculpture, and I, 8). On equal measure, the art itself indicate that the Yoruba people are fine artists and traders. The female forms in the Olumeye image manifest the ideal feminine beauty of the Yoruba. For instance, the image represents a nude woman with extravagant headdress and long graceful features, which depict the beauty, enclosed in the Yoruba women.

Philosophy of Religion - Existence of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of Religion - Existence of God - Essay Example The issue of religious beliefs is also the central subject questioning both the evidentialists and the non-evidentialists approach in addressing the issue. Different arguments for God include; cosmological argument, design argument and ontological argument. This paper, therefore, seeks to establish the best of the arguments that explain the existence of God, any existing criticism of it, and how this objection can be dealt with. Lawhead (326), argue that the proponents of the cosmological argument carry the notion of the existence of something from nothing. In the illustration, for instance, a magician who rubs both hands and opens them only to realize a white dove. They, therefore, question why there is something and not anything. Rowe (4), further illustrates that they believe there exist things that transform other things or alternatively there are things that make the other things be in existence, which is a relatively deductive argument. They claim to establish that the theistic God exists and is attributable to goodness, omniscience, and omnipresence, among others. On the other hand, Lawhead (337) presents another perspective that design proponents exhibit. They argue that God exists by evidence of the design portrayed in the world, also called teleological argument. Here, they explain that Gods existence is evident by the way many things in the world have been designed in fulfilment of some particular goal. So they say that God is the designer. Vinnie (77) gives his contribution to the existence of the universe that it arose from divine cosmic order. Given that any such cosmic order needs God’s presence, it leads to a theory of the existence of God. Hartshorne idea in â€Å"Man’s vision of God â€Å"(1941) turned down traditional empirical perspective that God is conceivable as a necessary being. The last proponents in their ontological argument believe that God is the greatest possible being and He is in existence in human understanding and mind.  It is a meditative belief that God’s existence is in reality as well as in people’s mind.  

How can the treatment of cancer with recombinant antibodies be Essay

How can the treatment of cancer with recombinant antibodies be improved - Essay Example The process focuses on the production of recombined genes leading to the rapid re-production of genetically modified bacteria causing the process to continue further by virtue of reproduction of DNA segments and recombination with original DNA. Antibodies, resembled to ‘Y’ shape, refer to the protein molecules with a crucial role for keeping and restoring our health to its optimum state by identifying and attacking foreign bodies entering into our health system. Several types of antibodies have been acknowledged in scientific studies, each type has the capability to recognize unique and distinctive antigens and to get combined with the targeted antigens by using the method of molecular structuring leading to the eventual destruction of several antibodies of foreign objects like viruses or bacteria. There are several reasons associated with the advantages of application of recombinant antibodies such as there no animals are needed so inflexibility regarding the issue of u sing animals for human research could possibly be avoided. Secondly, the manufacturing time for producing recombinant antibodies is significantly less compared to the conventional method. Thirdly and most importantly the quality of the product is far more acceptable than that of the traditional one by virtue of the production of a large number of various antibodies working against a particular antigen in a single selection procedure is possible. The aim of this research is to describe the development of new role and techniques of producing recombinant antibodies in cancer treatment. The library structure of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may be biased towards specificities in particular present in the immunized fragments of immunized animals (Clackson et al, 1991) or naturally immunized or contaminated individuals (Burton et al, 1991). These libraries are primarily structured from VH and VL gene pools which are derived on the basis of either PCR-based (Orlandi et al,

Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes The functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with different drugs Duma (Voiculet), M. Prodana, I. Demetrescu Abstract—Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by various groups (carboxyl or amino) can improve the properties of anti-tumoral drugs (cisplatin, docetaxel, zometa). Functionalization was evidenced by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Platinum ions released in simulated body fluid (SBF) were measured by inductively coupled plasma ion spectrometry (ICP-MS). Keywords—functionalization, FTIR, drug, carbon nanotubes, TEM. 1. Introduction In our days currently available technologies have made significant advances in cancer research, but proper treatment remains elusive. According to the report issued by the World Global Health (WHO) it is estimates that the incidence of new cancer cases increase by more than 10 million each year and the rate of deaths caused by this disease is over 6 million per year [1]. The most common cancers causing death are listed as WHO: lung cancer, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess properties for the development of advanced drug delivery systems, including their very large surface, which allows multi-conjugation of various molecules on the side walls. Molecules that contain aromatic groups may be easily covalently linked to strong interactions CNTs. 1-D functionalized CNTs (F-CNTs) could improve the binding of a single cell interaction via multiple binding sites, due to their flexibility. Clinical practice guidelines such as those from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO guidelines on extended use of intravenous bisphosphonates in metastatic breast cancer), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN Breast Cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines), and the NCCN Task Force Report on Bone Health in Cancer Care all recognize the positive utility of bisphosphonate as zoledronic acid (Zometa) use in palliative bone care [2-5]. However, as new classes of inhibitor agents enter the metastatic cancer palliative it is important to understand how palliative care treatment modalities are used outside of the clinical trial setting. In this idea the present research is an investigation of a multiple hybrid functionalization of carb on nanotubues with drugs, introducing as a novelty functionalization with cisplatin, docetaxel and zometa [6]. 2. Experiment part The best known method of functionalization is noncovalently modified by embedding fragments containing functionalized aromatic groups in the outer wall of CNTs through interaction Ï€-Ï€ [7]. 2.1 Reagents Multiwalls carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) purchased from Sigma Aldrich had more than 90% carbon and 10 to 15 nm x D x L 0.1 10 pm, produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD). Oxidation of the carbon nanotubes was made using a mixture of 98% sulfuric acid (Merck). Ethylenediamine (EDA)-modifying agent was supplied by Fluka. We used saline zometa, docetaxel (Dox) and cisplatin, from pharmaceutical market, and all reagents were not further purified. In the last years there are studies in literature regarding CNTs functionalization with different drugs [8-10]. 2.2 Equipment FTIR spectra of functionalized MWCNTs were registered on a Perkin Elmer, Spectrum 100 equipment in 400à ·4500 cm-1 range with 4 cm-1 resolution and 32 scans. Nano-sized particles were investigated using TEM analysis with a microscope Philips EM-410, 60kV. ICP-MS, ELAN DRC-e Perkin Elmer SCIEX U.S.A. was used for platinum determinations. The detection limit was 0.001ÃŽ ¼g.g-1. 2.3 Procedure Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with both amino and carboxyl groups. This functionalization was performed with the purpose to reduce the toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. MWCNTs (0.9 g) were dispersed in 98% sulfuric acid and ultrasonicated at 50 °C for 6 h to obtain MWCNT-COOH. Functionalization of MWCNTs reduced toxicity of carbon nanotubes. 0.3 mg MWCNT-COOH were ultrasonically prepared with thionyl chloride SOCl2 (50 ml) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The suspension obtained was refluxed under magnetic stirring at room temperature for 48 hours and then filtered. The filtrate was washed with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dried at room temperature for 20 minutes. MWCNTs-SOCl2 were immersed in ethylenediamine at room temperature for 10 hours. The mixture was washed with tetrahydrofuran and filtered. The filtrate was dried at 80 ° C for 10 hours. Throughout preparation process, docetaxel, cisplatin and zometa was added to carbon nanotubes. Docetaxel was difficult to absorb due to their hydrophobic characteristics. Docetaxel (5 mg) was added to a solution of MWCNT, MWCNT-COOH, MWCNT-NH2 in 1 ml of saline and 0.5 ml of anhydrous ethanol using an ultrasonic bath for 48 hours at 50  °C. The suspension was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 15 minutes until the carbon nanotubes were fully precipitated. Cisplatin (2 mg) was added to solutions that contain MWCT, MWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-NH2 in 1 ml of saline and was sonicated for 48 hours at 50 °C and filtered. The remaining solids were rinsed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water to remove the excess of docetaxel and zometa. All samples were investigated using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). 3. Results and discussions FTIR spectroscopy is a very useful tool to show the presence of functional groups on the surface of MWCNT-COOH an MWCNT-NH2. The bands allocated to groups: -OH, -CH2 and amino in the four samples are almost identical. For MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA functionalized sample, for –CH groups bands appear in a range from: 3556.86 to 2921.60 cm-1, for CDDP the range is: 852.24 to 520.89 cm-1, for Dox the peaks for characteristic groups O=O is at 1082.30 and 1030.31 cm-1 and for zometa the range is betwwen 1461.51 to 1349.22 cm-1 as is shown in Figure 1a. In case of MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for –CH groups appears at 3555.69 cm-1, for CDDP the range is between 857.30 to 560.78 cm-1 and for zometa the specific bands are in a range between: 1463.81 to 1349.45 cm-1 as is shown in Figure 1b. For MWCNT-COOH-DOX-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for –CH groups appears in a range from: 3235.44 to 2922.98 cm-1, for Dox the range for characteristic groups O=O is 1072.19 to 1031.74 cm-1 and for zometa specific peaks appear in a range: 1453.93 to 1350.28 cm-1 as is shown in Figure 1c. For MWCNT-COOH-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for –CH groups appear in a range from: 3546.07 to 2922.38 cm-1, for ZOMETA the range is between: 1461.51 to 1352.80 cm-1 as is shown in Figure 1d. Fig.1. FTIR spectra for: a). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA; b). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-ZOMETA; c). MWCNT-COOH-DOX-ZOMETA; d). MWCNT-COOH-ZOMETA In case of MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for –CH functional grups are between: 3696.20 to 3544.20 cm-1, for amines group appear peaks between: 1735.03 to 1624.51 cm-1, for CDDP the peaks are between: 854.77 to 560.27 cm-1, for DOX the range is: 1077.24 to 1032.25 cm-1 and for zometa from 1448.87 to 1349.46 cm-1 as shown in Figure 2a. For MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for –CH groups are between: 3721.57 to 3012.65 cm-1, for amines groups the peaks are between: 1735.03 to 1623.54 cm-1, for CDDP from 859.83 to 580.56 cm-1 and for zometa the peaks appear between: 1483.93-1241.57 cm-1 as shown in Figure 2b. For MWCNT-NH2-ZOMETA functionalized sample, bands for –CH functional grups are between: 3544.43 to 3012.65 cm-1, for amines group peaks appear between: 1736.74 to 1640.05 cm-1 and for ZOMETA characteristic peaks appear between: 1466.57 to 1345.22 cm-1 as shown in Figure 2c. Fig. 2. FTIR spectra for: a). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA; b). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-ZOMETA; c). MWCNT-NH2-DOX-ZOMETA; d). MWCNT-NH2-ZOMETA Morphology of nanosized particles are investigated by transmission electron microscopic analysis (TEM). From this analysis shown in Fig. 3 it is evidenced the surfaces of MWCNTs functionalized with carboxyl CDDP, Dox and zometa. MWCNTs have a curved shape about 10-20 nm in diameter and a length of 0,1-10 microns. TEM images show CDDP and DOX grains of 10-20 nm in width while ZOMETA sample is spread radially from a common center at the intersection of MWCNTs. Encapsulation of drugs is well emphasized. In Fig. 4 morphology reveals multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with amino group in which drugs were added (CDDP, DOX and ZOMETA). a). b). c). d). Fig. 3. TEM morphologies for: a). MWCNT-COOH-DOX-ZOMETA; b). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-ZOMETA; c). MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA; d). MWCNT-COOH-ZOMETA a) b) c) d) Fig. 4. TEM morphologies for: a). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA; b). MWCNT-NH2-CDDP-ZOMETA; c). MWCNT-NH2-DOX-ZOMETA; d). MWCNT-NH2-ZOMETA Samples were placed in SBF for different periods of times and the solutions were analyzed. The samples were added in a nebulizer for vaporization. Conditions were selected to maximize the ion signal while platinum solution was introduced in vapors generator. The steam generated was then transported to the ICP-MS to determine platinum ions. The largest amount of platinum ions was recorded for MWCNT-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA as can be seen in fig.4 This value indicates that there are good possibilities for further analysis. Fig. 4.Platinium ion release from hybrid functionalized MWCNT with various drugs. 4. Conclusions We presented a study of docetaxel, cisplatin and zometa added to MWCNTs functionalized by carboxyl and amino groups. FTIR measurements have been used for structural characterization of drugs encapsulation in MWCNTs-COOH. This functionalization (encapsulation) is confirmed by TEM analysis that shows the morphology of the samples. CDDP release was measured by ICP-MS techniques and the amount of platinum ions was found higher in case of MWCNTs-COOH-CDDP-DOX-ZOMETA. Acknoledgments. PhD student A. Voiculet acknowledges the financial support from the European Social Fund through POSDRU//1.5/S/†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. References [1] B.W Stewart and P.Kleihuers, World Cancer Report,WHO, 2003 [2] G. De Rosa,G. Misso, G.Salzano and Michele Caraglia† Bisphosphonates and Cancer?What Opportunities from Nanotechnology†, J Drug Delivery, 2013, dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/637976 [3] U Ripamontia, , R M. Klara, L F. Rentona, C Ferretti â€Å"Synergistic induction of bone formation by hOP-1, hTGF- b 3 and inhibition by zoledronate in macroporous coral-derived hydroxyapatites†, Biomaterials, 31, 2010, pp. 6400 [4] G. Salzano, M. Marra, M. Porru, S. Zappavigna, A. Abbruzzese, M.I. La Rotonda, C. Leonetti, M. Caraglia, G. De Rosa â€Å"Self-assembly nanoparticles for the delivery of bisphosphonates into tumors† Int J Pharm, 403, 2011, pp.292 [5] M. Marra, G. Salzano, C. Leonetti, M. Porru, R. Franco,S. Zappavigna, G. Liguori, G. Botti, P. Chiefà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ , M. Lamberti,G. Vitale, A. Abbruzzese , M. I. La Rotonda, G. De Rosa, M. Caraglia â€Å"New self-assembly nanoparticles and stealth liposomes for the delivery of zoledronic acid: a comparative study†, Biotechnol. Adv. 30, 2012, pp. 302 [6] MJ Ernsting,M Murakami ,E Undzys ,A. Aman ,B Press ,SD Li â€Å"A docetaxel-carboxymethylcellulose nanoparticle outperforms the approved taxane nanoformulation, Abraxane, in mouse tumor models with significant control of metastases†, J Contorl Release, 162(3),2012, pp. 578 [7] L Mo ,L Hou ,D Guo ,X Xiao ,P Mao ,X Yang â€Å"Preparation and characterization of teniposide PLGA nanoparticles and their uptake in human glioblastoma U87MG cells† Int. J. Pharm., 436(1-2),2012, pp. 815 [8] M. Prodana, A. Voiculet, S. Garea, M.Radu, H Iovu, I Demetrescu, A Dinischiotu Synthesis, characterization and controlled toxicity of a novel hybrid material based on cisplatin and docetaxel „Cent. Eur. J. Chem.,2014, 12(10), pp. 1008 [9] A.Duma (Voiculet), M. Prodana, I. Demetrescu† Cisplatin functionalization of multiwalld carbon nanotubes† U.P.B. Sci. Bull. B, 76(1), 2014, p 49 [10] M. Prodana, A. Voiculet, D. Bojin , D. Ionita† Nanocomposites based on Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Drug Molecules† REV. CHIM. (Bucharest),64(8), 2013,pp.848

Goals and Philosophy Essay -- Education Educating Teaching Essays

Goals and Philosophy A person's philosophy on education covers many different aspects. Such things that ones personal philosophy can contain are the purpose of education, methods one may use in education, and even the curriculum which may be taught. I feel that these three things are the most important for my personal philosophy and goals of education. The overall purpose of education is not only to teach students about the set curriculum, but also to teach them to be individuals and creative thinkers. As a teacher one has to go farther than just to teach, you are a role model, a doctor, and most importantly while still having control you are a friend. I feel education is important because as a society we need to learn and grow from what we know. In today's society, a person without an education cannot make a name for themselves, and cannot get ahead in the world. Education is there to teach us about the past and prepare us for the future. Education is a leading part of our lives, and needs to continue to be. As a kindergarten teacher, I plan to become an inspiration to every child that passes through my classroom. I hope to touch the lives of the children that I meet, as well as accomplish many other things. My first goal will be not only to teach my students the curriculum, but also to teach my students to think out side of the set curriculum. I plan to show students that there is more to what they are learning. I want not only to be a good teacher, but also to be a great teacher. Students not only need someone to teach them, they also need someone to guide them, and as a teacher I do hope to accomplish this. Children recognize that education will be a large part of ... ...the students to come together and work as a group. My professional plans for the future are to immediately start teaching when I graduate college. However, on my own time I plan on expanding my education to the furthest extent I can in order to continue learning along with my students. Education lies within the strength of a single person, a teacher. The teacher who gets the strength to rise out of bed every morning and face a new day. A teacher has to hold their head up high when they walk into a classroom for fear that the slightest show of weakness may destroy them. To achieve this is the most important purpose in a teacher's life. A teacher is someone who is willing to teach students even when they crave to do other things with their time. An achievement in education lies solely within the goal of becoming greater, which I plan to strive to do.

Instant Coffee Essay

Everyone will not believe that coffee is the second people income in the world. There are 30 millions people who gain their income from growing coffee. As the article which had been read by Bob told that coffee has been grown by a lot of farmers in different countries. The type of coffee are Robusta, Arabica, and labarica . Usually, Robusta coffee use to make instant coffee. The first country which grows robusta coffee is Uganda and Indonesia is the second producer of this coffee. Generally, Indonesia is the fourth country which grows coffee in the world. The height of robusta coffee is below 6 meters .The next type coffee is Arabica. That is the coffee which Bob was drunk. It usually uses to make premium coffee. The height is between 600-2000 meters and the largest producer is Brazil, followed by Columbia and Kenya. The last is Labarica coffee. This coffee grows in few areas which has below 2000 high meters. It uses to make blended coffee. Based on the article there are also 3 style of coffee that is instant coffee, espresso coffee and brewed coffee. Brewed coffee is usually drunk by the European country. But, it was strange that U.K mostly choose instant coffee. Britannia supposes to choose espresso coffee while American chooses instant coffee. In Asian, Japan drink more brewed coffee. There is also institution which maintains market price of coffee, is called ICO who was made up by United Nations in 1963. They act as mediator between producing countries and consuming countries.

The Case of Barnes and Noble Bookstores

This paper will analyse the current stock performance of Barnes and Noble Bookstores which are based in New York. The company, which started more than a century ago started out as a printing press and turned out to be one of the largest bookstores in the world. Tracking the company’s stock price performance in the New York Stock Exchange in a five-day period from August 6 up to August 10 for the current year as well as providing a forecast for its future performance can be attributed with several factors.One of the factors that affect the stock price performance of the company is the internal decisions that guide the company. Currently, under Steve Riggio’s term as CEO, the stock price of the company at NYSE has already soared to its current level of 30+- barrier through a lot of innovative as well as daring in-store offerings. In 2007, all of the Barnes and Noble Bookstores in the United States totalled to about 840 in all with average store openings of 30 to 40 every year. The stock price of Barnes and Noble has also been affected by the modern comfort offerings within all its stores which have Wi-Fi connections with modest separate fees.The Barnes and Noble stores also have the cafe offerings such as Starbucks coffee which greatly provides convenience to its customers. This could probably be one of the reasons why the company has been enjoying a modest growth for the past years. In 2006, revenues for Barnes and Noble and its subsidiaries reached $5. 3 billion USD. It could then be said that the modern as well as cosmopolitan outlook of the bookstore company would keep its stock prices as well as revenues up or the next couple of years or so.That is also according to the current figures provided by the company’s solid 57,000 employees as of the 1st quarter of 2007. Explaining how these internal factors could affect the fate of Barnes and Noble stock prices, it would have to be attributed to the image that the company projects towards thei r customers as well as their investors. The offerings are the company’s way of differentiating themselves from other conventional bookstores in the book retail industry.And with a market as volatile as that of the United States, market differentiation is really important for Barnes and Noble to win market shares as well as investors who would finance their planned expansions in the future. This would have to be coupled by other aggressive marketing strategies for their books as well as other future offerings which investors will dig out as good investments. External Influences Another important aspect in determining the future stock price performance of Barnes and Noble in the New York Stock Exchange are the external factors or those that are way beyond the control of the company.External factors may include the over-all performance of the retail industry, the situation of the US Stock markets as well as regional markets which may affect the company such their source of raw m aterials as well as major retail subsidiaries. In this case of Barnes and Noble, it can be said that the popular bookstore’s stock performance may be at the mercy of the bearish US stock market which as Ben Bernanke announced, could lead to a slight slowdown in the US economy as the US real estate draws to a halt.This could greatly affect Barnes and Noble which attributes most of its profits from high consumer spending. If and then the US economy would in fact be slowing down, the bookstore will experience a hard time making customers come back and purchase reading materials. Although the bookstore has offerings which may still entice customers to come back without even buying a book or a magazine, this situation could still greatly affect the performance of not only the bookstore’s stock price performance but for most American companies as well.

Growing Up Global essays

Growing Up Global essays The children in this video are all unique. These children were born in 1992 during the Earth Summit held in Rio, Brazil. They are now being interviewed, ten years later, just as world leaders are preparing for the Rio+10 follow-up summit. Bruno Sorrentino has been filming these children and their families to see if the promises made during the first summit have been kept. In the video, we see the children, now ten years old, having to deal with poverty, violence, racism, child labor, disease, family turmoil, and lack of education. The locations of these children vary greatly and have quite an effect on their social situations. They are from such locations as South Africa, Kenya, China, The United States, Latvia, Brazil, The United Kingdom, and India. I would have to say that Kay Kays story affected me the most. It was such an eye opener to see the life this ten-year-old leads. Due to her parents work situations, she is home alone most of the time and has to take care of herself and be responsible for her own food, her own needs, and especially her schoolwork. She lives in China with her mother and father who, like I mentioned before, have conflicting work schedules and must leave their daughter to fend for herself. They work hard to provide Kay Kay with a decent life. They want to make sure that she has enough food and, most importantly, that she can get an education. Kay Kay dreams of making lots of money and she wants to make sure that she and her family stay healthy. I believe that things will improve for Kay Kay because she is very smart and very responsible and I could just tell she had a good head on her shoulders. She seemed to know what she wanted and I believe that she can achieve it. In Kay Kays case, I believe one issue that would affect her the most if changed would be sanitation. Her family has some problems, but nothing as serious as the threat to Kay Kays life from airborne pollutants. Since she ...

Movie Crash Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crash - Movie Review Example As the discussion outlines that  the movie opens following a car accident involving detective Graham Waters (black) and Ria (Latino), his partner, and Kim Lee (Asian). While the two women exchange racial insults, the detective decides to take a look at the crime scene close by, but he soon gains a horrified face expression. A day earlier, a Persian man and his daughter try to buy a gun, but they face racial discrimination at the shop when the owner refuses to sell it to them; after suffering verbal sexual assaults, Dorri (the daughter) manages to buy the gun and an unspecified type of ammunition.  This study declares that detectives Waters and Ria arrive on a scene of a shooting between two drivers; the surviving one turns out to be an undercover policeman (white), while the dead one was black. Even if detective Waters suspects that the dead back driver was engaged in illegal affairs, he is forced to keep that piece of information to himself by one of Rick Cabot’s councilo rs, who was trying to win the black vote for the elections.  At his home, Daniel tries to comfort his daughter Lara, who was scared of gun shots, by giving her a protective â€Å"invisibility impenetrable cloak†; afterwards, he goes out for another job, which happens to be for the Persian shopkeeper; Daniel replaces a lock on a door, but tell the Persian that the door needs to be fixed itself; the shopkeeper doesn’t want to listen, accusing Daniel of cheating.

Mamie Mannehs Arrest Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mamie Mannehs Arrest - Case Study Example Fish and Wildlife Agency has a duty to protect wild animals so that they are not endangered or made extinct and have arrested Manneh on charges of smuggling monkey meat. Her arrest may be in violation of her first amendment right to freedom of religion and the action of the federal agency amounts to a prohibition of that right. Moreover, under the Fourteenth Amendment’s, equal protection must be provided to all citizens, therefore protection must be provided to Manneh’s religious practices in the same manner that others’ religious rights and practices are respected. A strict scrutiny test will be applied by the Courts in assessing violations of fundamental constitutional rights and the right to freedom of religion is one such constitutional right. Over and above this, Manneh also belongs to a minority race which will further invoke the strict scrutiny doctrine. It may, however, be possible for the federal Agency to demonstrate a compelling state interest in this matter, since the preservation of wildlife and the containment of sources of diseases such as HIV and SARS may be adequate justification for their action in curtailing a harmful religious practice. DiMaggio could be charged under the provisions of the criminal law of battery because he has hit and threatened his girlfriend. He can also be charged for aggravated assault for slapping her several times and hurting her. He will also be guilty of homicidal violence and intent for his actions in almost burning his girlfriend’s face and threatening to shove the burning lighter down her throat.

Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Critical Thinking - Essay Example Indeed, the probability of having a true conclusion is also very low and hence the uncogency. Argument 2 The premise of this argument is that Hamilton is in New York State if he is in the United States. Consequently, the conclusion of the argument is that Hamilton is not in New York State since he is not in U.S. This is a deductive, cogent argument. We can derive that the argument is deductive because the premises succeed in supporting and guaranteeing the truth of the conclusion (Bassham et al, 2011). Indeed, since the premises are true, the conclusion is also true. This generates a valid argument. The argument is also cogent since the premises are true and the conclusion has a high probability of being true. Ideally, since the argument is valid and the conclusion is true, then it is a sound argument. Argument 3 The premise of this argument is that Ontario must be in Canada if he is in North America. Consequently, the conclusion of the argument is that Ontario is in Canada since he is in North America. This is a deductive, cogent argument. In this case, the premises succeed in providing strong support for the conclusion thus guaranteeing its truthfulness. Indeed, since the premises are true, the conclusion is also true, and the argument is thus valid. ... Notably, this is an inductive, uncogent argument. Indeed, although some statements are true, the premise is false, and the conclusion is likely to be false. We can establish that the argument is inductive since it depicts a statistical argument, leads to a false conclusion, and its conclusion has an induction indicator word ‘probably.’ Furthermore, the argument is uncogent since it is weak and has at least one false premise. Argument 5 The premise of this argument is that feminism is nonsense because my bartender said so. Consequently, the conclusion of the argument is that feminism is indeed nonsense since my bartender never lies. Notably, this is an inductive, uncogent argument. Assuredly, the conclusion lacks logic and is indeed false since feminism carries a lot of sense. We can establish that the argument is inductive since it depicts a statistical argument and leads to a false conclusion. Indeed, the conclusion does not follow logically from the statements and the bartender has no capacity to discredit feminism. Furthermore, the argument is uncogent since it is weak and has at least one false premise. Indeed, the probability of having a true conclusion is also very low and hence the uncogency. Argument 6 The premise of this argument is that all poker players are card players and some card players are gamblers. Consequently, the conclusion is that all poker players are gamblers. Notably, this is an inductive, cogent argument. Assuredly, the conclusion lacks logic and is indeed false even though the premises are true. We can establish that the argument is inductive since it depicts a statistical argument and leads to a false conclusion. Furthermore, the argument is cogent since it is

Recruiting in the High Schools Essay Example for Free

Recruiting in the High Schools Essay You see them everywhere dressed up head to toe in camouflage and shiny boots, with the image of a super hero. With the recent conflicts in the Middle East, parents across America have protested the military being inside of our children’s schools auctioning off a better life. Let’s face it, who can give a better life to you than your mother? In 2002 the government made a flagship program designed to help underprivileged kids called the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act†. â€Å"Since 2002 the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† has meant that US schools which receive government money must allow the military in to talk to students† (Act of Congress). So this poses a huge problem for the parents that are trying to fight to get the military out of the schools and to put a ban on recruiting from within the confines. The military shouldn’t be able to recruit in high schools for many reasons. The most important reasons why the military shouldn’t recruit inside of high schools is because the mind of a high school student isn’t developed enough to make the right decisions to join; the military gives false hope to kids of financial freedom, and the possibility of death isn’t realistically depicted by the recruiters to the high school students. Why are we recruiting in high schools instead of on college campuses? There could be a lot of reasons behind it, but first and foremost is that seventeen year olds aren’t ready to join. The mind of a seventeen year old isn’t fully developed until their in their twenties. So the judgment of a right and a wrong decision isn’t mindfully thought through. Yes, a seventeen year old only needs a high school diploma and parental consent but, how can they think they are ready for war when they can’t even drink alcohol or vote for their commander and chief? In high schools there are cliques and like any kid they want to be in these so called cliques. Robert Ayers discusses in his book how kids are looking for a clique or group to belong to, â€Å"High school kids are at an age when being a member of an identifiable group with a grand mission and a shared spirit — and never underestimate a distinctive uniform — is of exaggerated importance, something gang recruiters in big cities also note with interest and exploit with skill† (William Ayers). Ayers is depicting to us how easy it is to manipulate, and convince a young mind, seventeen years old, just wants to be part of a group with an image no matter what group it is. All someone has to do is depict an image of greatness and the young people are sold. The fact and bottom line is that our kids look up to a glorified image that the military and their commercials depict from a young age and they shouldn’t be capitalized on nor taken advantage of due to this overwhelming lopsided image. The military is currently under quota of manpower that they need to run a successful defense, so turning to seventeen year olds without the knowledge of military recruiting tactics is the logical and more efficient way to get people to join our depleted military. But this is not a reason to prey on sixteen and seventeen year olds who aren’t even old enough to vote nor drive, but they can make life and death decisions to join the military. But having the undeveloped brain, like we all went through, as they do they are not old enough to cypher through the presentations that the recruiter gives in order to make a valid and rational decision. Why do you see more recruiters in poverty stricken areas contrast to those in areas of good or well financial being? This is because the military is unethically targeting the vulnerable kids in our school system. Recruiters unethically target low income kids while promising them financial aid for school after these students serve in the military. Some of the students are promised is school fully paid for via the â€Å"Post 9/11 bill† and the â€Å"GI Bill†. But if you go www. va. gov website you will see the underlying criteria to actually get 100 percent free tuition. The Veteran Affairs website referenced these criteria’s; Active duty status, months and years served, months retired and a plethora of underlying circumstances. Getting high school students seem to be the plan for high school students, â€Å"The U. S. military’s practice of targeting low-income youth and students of color for recruitment, in combination with exaggerated promises of financial rewards for enlistment, undermines the voluntariness of their enlistment† (Soldiers of Misfortune). So why does the military seem to recruit people of color? Well according to www. census. gov the website tells us a lot about Caucasian children eighteen and under below the poverty line was seventeen percent and the children of the minority races were thirty five percent and higher. So this is actually the ideal place for a recruiter to so called â€Å"fill their quota†. Going back to the argument of recruiters promising false financing of school, this could be an advantage for the recruiters. Promising people who don’t have anything something is unethical and misleading. This is mostly unethical because the recruiters that are usually E-4 to E-6 have no pull to get you in different schooling programs nor give you the position that you could want, in terms of career and financing. â€Å"Many possible recruits are promised that they will receive tens of thousands of dollars in education when, in actuality, 57 percent of veterans who have applied for Government Issue (GI) benefits have not received any financial aid, according to the non-profit organization Finding Alternatives to Military Enlistment† (FAME). Promising financial benefits to kids that less than the majority of the military veterans receive is morally and ethically wrong. Also, the recruiters don’t tell you that in some circumstance you can’t attend school while in an â€Å"Active Duty Status†. Reason being is that you could get deployed and be called off to duty at any time and then the government would have to reimburse the institution for the incomplete credits. The recruiters also don’t tell recruits that if you are a reservist you are not eligible for the GI Bill, being in the reserve status it will be impossible to accumulate four years’ worth of active duty. The military also made it so that this could never be reached, it’s like a safe guard they have in place. The U. S. government also targets disadvantaged communities and areas. The philosophy of recruiters seem to be â€Å" The more in poverty a student is, the more likely they will look for a way out and join the ranks†. When the recruiters target these areas their showing that the more fortunate kids lives are more valuable and worth sparing more than others. It just isn’t right to exploit children from these backgrounds and hold their lives to a lesser status than other backgrounds. Why isn’t war realistically depicted to recruits before they join? Because, it’s nothing like what you see on the video games like â€Å"Call of Duty† or movies like â€Å"The Expendables or The ‘A’ Team†, when people shoot a plethora of bullets at you someone or something gets hit. â€Å"War is catastrophic for human beings, and, indeed, for the continuation of life on Earth. With over 120 military bases around the globe and the second largest military force ever assembled, the U. S.  government is engaged in a constant state of war, and American society is necessarily distorted and disfigured around the aims of war† (William Ayers). A good statistic that should be shared while a recruit is debating whether or not to join the military is, â€Å"During the last decade of that spectacular century, two million children were killed, 20 million displaced, six million disabled† (William Ayers). Now this is a statistic that should get shared with recruits along with the good statistics that are put in there to glorify military service. Another good fact that recruits probably don’t know about â€Å"108 million people were slaughtered in wars during the 20th century† (William Ayers). Now the recruiters should tell the recruits to put this into perspective. 108 million people like you and me were killed within 100 years due to war and military conflict. The kids in high school need to understand that those were kids their age and younger, on some continents that were getting killed over things not fully understood. Then when your contract is up and you are honorably discharged from your branch of service people are still left with images of war and relive it every day. â€Å"Vets suffer long-term health consequences including greater risk of depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, sleep disorders, and more. About one-third of Vietnam vets suffered full-blown post-traumatic stress disorder. Another 22% suffered partial post-traumatic stress disorder. This is the nature of the beast. Anyone who’s been there knows† (William Ayers). If kids the age of 18 and lower are allowed to see and experience these things, then when their brains are fully developed they will be brain washed and war could be instilled in them with no turning back. This could also be that kid’s brains are not fully developed so they don’t have a clear concept of death. Recruiting in the high schools is ethically wrong due to the lack of the recruits’ brain development to cypher through and make a decision based on facts instead of the image the recruiters portray of the military. Also, the recruiters promise tens of thousands of dollars to these kids when that is a very farfetched truth. The recruiters need to tell them what you actually have to do to earn and qualify for that money so it can actually be yours’. Military recruiters also don’t depict a clear picture of war and all that is lost during it. People’s sanity, lives and total way of living are altered forever. Recruiting in high schools should be closely monitored in schools if not done away with all together. Kids eighteen and younger just don’t have a grasp on what’s reality and what’s fabricated. Works Cited Ayers, William. Hearts and Minds: Military Recruitment and the High School Battlefield. Www. democraticdialogue. com. N. p. , 07 Apr. 2006. Web. Cave, Damien. Growing Problem for Military Recruiters: Parents. Editorial. New York Times [New York] 3 June 2005: B6. Www. newyorktimes. com. Web. Census Bureau Homepage. Census Bureau Homepage. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. http://www. census. gov/. FAME Time Series. FAME Time Series. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. http://www. fame. com/. Www. gibill. va. gov. N. p. , n. d. Web.

Tourism Planning And Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay

Tourism Planning And Sustainable Tourism Tourism Essay Singapore has always been an innovative country. Ever since the tourist boom, and the change of policy by the government to ease the policy by letting foreigners into Singapore and having the decision to be converted into PR (Permanent Resident). In the year 2009, the Integrated Resort (IR) was made where there are 2010 hotel rooms and a casino made. Since the World Wide Web or the Internet was created, the world has been experiencing quick pace changes on the tourism sector. Tourist also can be affected by the Internet, either positively or negatively. But positively, is always For a long time that the diffusion of the technologies that is in the tourism improved travel service supply in efficiency, quality and flexibility. Based on a concept of a tourism system, the world is experiencing quick pace changes because the tourism has become a major economic sector and the Internet is one of the most influential technologies that will change travellers behaviours and habits. The Internet are able to help online travellers to receive the updated time and unlimited travel information before travelling abroad they also can choose their final destination. Therefore, information through destination website plays an important role in influencing decision-making and increasing actual arrivals. In the way of the technological trend and the development, National Tourism Organisations monitor their online travel informations and continuously make sure that it meets the needs of consumers and develop online service to meet consumers satisfaction and experience. http://www.ifitt.org/admin/public/uploads/KaoLouvieris.pdf Singapore hosted one round of the 2008 FIA Formula One, The World Championship. The race, held on a new street circuit at Marina Bay, was the very first night-time event for Formula One history. The event was considered a success due to the sheer amount of organisation, planning and cooperation put in the event. Also in 2010, Singapore hosted the inaugural YOG (Youth Olympic Games) then the Singapore Tourism Board (STB), who says the Games, is expected to have a minimum of 180,000 visitors per nights for Singapore. The negative impacts are such as needed of more manpower to tighten the security to prevent increasing of crime rate. As many tourist who visit Singapore, there is an increase of tourist who are being targeted for robbery and theft. Law re-enforcement is needed to ensure safety for either the citizen or the tourist. Traffic congestion is another major problem due to increase of tourist and taxi is there only means of transportation. Currently there is an estimated of 20,000 taxi(sgforum 17 Oct) which flood most of the road in Singapore within 660sq kilometre. In order to cater to more taxi, Certificate of Entitlement (COE) has increased, preventing the local to unable to afford the car. Increase of tourism does affect the regions and natural environment, such as beaches, water supply, heritage sites and the natural reserve. It affects the environment due to over usage and air pollution through traffic emission. Economic Singapore, one of the most fast moving countries in Southeast Asia at the same time perhaps the most prosper country in the world and the safest place to be at. Each day transaction could reach up to billions of dollar flowing in and out of Singapore, creating many business opportunity and jobs for the local. With the fast growing economic, Singapore attracts 19 million (Singapore tourism board 17 cot) of tourist flying into this region for work or holiday in 2011. Tourism industry is one of the most important sectors in boosting the economy of Singapore. With the increasing number of tourist each year, more hotels are building and upgraded to accommodate to the needs. In order to cater to the tourism sectors, the board of tourism has created much sight for tourist to visit. Tourist attraction such as the Singapore Zoological Garden and Singapore Night Safari located at Mandai, Sentosa Island, Marina Bay Sands Singapore and Garden By the Bay. DEMAND FOR JOBS As the economy of Singapore is growing and more tourist visiting each year, there will definitely cause positive and negative impact affecting the general economy. The positive impact would be creating jobs to the tourism sector. In order to cater to the amount of tourist visiting Singapore, more chamber maid is hired to improve the efficiency in cleaning the room. Not only the chamber maid has increased, more jobs related to the tourism sector have relatively in need of manpower to cater the huge amount of visitor every year. As more people are employed, more people are able to afford on goods and services CURRENCY Even though Singapore has a strong currency, there are still many visitors visiting Singapore each year. Comparing with the European country, foreigners prefer coming to Singapore to spend because the currency exchange towards Singapore exchange rate is inferior to them. They would usually do their shopping because it is much way cheaper compared to Europe. DEMAND FOR GOODS AND SERVICES There is always a strong demand for goods due to the quality of product. In Singapore, products are differentiated from other country. Buyers are afraid of purchasing fake goods. The chances of buying a fake product in Singapore are very low as the immigration is very strict on imitation goods. Service provided is of higher quality compared too much other country. They would rather profit at customer satisfaction. Goods may be also being in demand as they are cheaper. Prices may vary due to many reasons like tax or shipping. NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACT Even though the economics of travel and tourism manly emphasise on the benefit of tourism. There is much negative impact on the economy such as over-dependence on tourism. Many countries might be over-dependence on the tourism sector, these results in negligence on other sectors of income. Singapore has no natural resources to rely on and therefore they rely on largely tourism sector. Leakages of expenditure are due to spending on foreign based company. For example, Hilton hotel is a foreign based company and all the money earns are leakage to other country. Positive Economic Impact The are many positive economic impact on the tourism sector such as taxes collected from the visitors visiting Singapore. Those taxes collected manly used to fund the needy and the school, building proper roads and upgrading of facilities. As tourism increases, more jobs for locals at the Tourism sector and FB sectors. As more jobs are created, locals would be able to spend more. As demanded, it would also lead to an increase in the import and export trade. TOURISM PLANNING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM The country we have picked is Singapore, which is the little red dot on the South East Asia area below the Peninsula. We have been considered a well prosperous and flourished country to our achievement we have had due to the amount of tourist coming and some even decide to become a permanent resident here and not be called foreigner any more. For example, Singapore is famous for its inaugural Night Race for Formula One in 2008 and it is already in its fifth year. Every year after the night race is over, there is a group of event organiser that plans the night race for the next night race and it requires some skills and requirements. In addition, we have a few popular attractions such as Universal Studios Singapore (USS), Marina Bay Sands (MBS), the new Garden By The Bay and the up-coming Marine Life-Park which is going to be located at Resort World Sentosa (RWS) which is going to be worlds largest oceanarium and also the S.E.A. Aquarium, the worlds largest aquarium. Not all these wil l happen without the people behind the scenes. In addition, with these people, planning, achievable goal is needed. Tourism planning is oriented by goals, as there is a need to achieve specific objectives by using resources programmes with peoples needs and wants. Comprehensive planning requires a systematic approach. The planning objectives may be easy to set, but executing it will be tedious. First step is to define goals and objectives. Second is identifying the tourism system. Third is generated and evaluate alternatives. Fourth is select and implement and last is monitor and evaluate. Follow these few steps and planning will be made easy. Definition of tourism planning is plans that are made to attract tourist from other countries to visit Singapore for all sort of forms of activities, either leisure, holiday, backpacking, recreation or even business. The goals and objectives of planning an event in Singapore sounds simple but due to the constraint of space, most space will either be taken up for months or need to be booked a year before the event happens. Setting the objective to get a place for an event is important, as it is the beginning of the first step. Next, identify the tourism system. Meaning, the changes in places of visit and channels of distribution such as tour agents. The third steps are to generate and evaluate alternatives, for example, generating another plan or venue for the event to be organised. For events such as F1 in Singapore, having an alternative venue will be almost impossible because the preparation needed is massive. Once an alternative has been chosen, evaluate the decision with other organiser to know that the correct decision has been made. Next, select and implement meaning, put the things that has been planned into action. Everything the organisers have decided, will be executed, contacting event management let them know who to be contacted who what purpose. Example, TKH Lighting Electrical Pte Ltd is to set up the lights and electrical works by a certain period. The last step is, monitor and evaluate. Monitor the progress of each department, whether they are doing things according to plan. Sustainable tourism is the impact of tourist on the locals and environment. The aim is to ensure that positivity of the locals towards tourism companies and the tourist are kept up. Even though there have been some issues about employment here, some Singaporeans think that tourist can help to boost up on Singapores economy to sustain the tourism industry.. Singapore is a very vibrant country with its ever popular nightspots, dining restaurants, some extravagant shopping malls and the list goes on. However, Singapore is truly a paradise for tourist and even locals as the history attracts people Singapore. Here, we have Chinese, Malay and Indian culture and is very unique from the other South East Asia countries. The time to explore this little red dot has to offer, would take a lifetime. Sustainable tourism is to attempt to make a low impact environment and local culture while it is to help generate future employment for the locals. In addition, the aim to sustain tourism is to develop positive experience for local people, tourist, foreigners and tourism companies.

Euthanasia in Australia Essay example -- Argument for Euthanasia

Although euthanasia is a complex and controversial subject, under certain conditions people should have the right to decide to end their own lives. Is euthanasia murder or mercy? We need to understand what Mercy, Murder and Euthanasia are before we can form any opinion. (Oxford dictionary) Mercy / (say mersee) Compassionate or kindly forbearance shown towards: an offender, an enemy, or other person in one's power; compassion, pity, or benevolence. Murder / (say merduh) Unlawful killing of a human being by an act done: with intention to kill or to inflict grievous bodily harm. To kill or slaughter, inhumanly or barbarously. Euthanasia is such a controversial word that it creates many discussions and even arguments. This has gone on since well before the first legal case of euthanasia had even happened and will continue for a long time to come. The Oxford dictionary defines Euthanasia as (1) Painless, peaceful death (2) The deliberate putting to death painlessly of a person suffering from an incurable disease: also called mercy killing. That seems simple enough as it is worded but there are different degrees of Euthanasia these are: Passive (voluntary/non-voluntary) Euthanasia- This is where life sustaining treatment is either withheld or withdrawn, in order to bring about a quick and/or painless end or because continuing treatment may be unduly burdensome and/or medically futile. Double Effect: This term is used to deny responsibility of an unforeseen death when medication is used to control pain and suffering but where the quantity of medication is the actual cause of death. Medical/Physician Assisted Suicide: This is where a Doctor provides medication to a patient under their supervision to hasten his or her d... ...st be drawn to decide what Euthanasia is and what is not. Is it Mercy or Murder? These groups don’t seem to know, can you make that decision? The right to life organisations believe in the right to live and therefore will always see euthanasia as a killing. The many people who chose relief from the any illnesses will always look at euthanasia as a peaceful end to their suffering live. The Australian laws continue at this time to see euthanasia as a murder thus making it a crime and these crimes are punishable in the courts the same way as any other murder. The euthanasia debate will continue for many years to come. Euthanasia touches some of the deepest feelings in human beings. It is the power over life and death, and responsibilities no one wishes to take or have to be taken. This of course leads to the natural ultimatum, that it is the patient's own choice.

The building of Greek State after the 1821 revolution

March 25, 1821, was the day of the Annunciation of the Theotokos of the Greek Orthodox. It was also the day of Greek rebellion and declaration of independence which was actually achieved in 1829. This paper examines the events, some issues, and prominent figures who contributed in building the Greek State which started in 1821. The influences of the Great Powers (Great Britain, France and Russia) The Greeks were suppressed and controlled by Turks under Ottoman Empire resulting to the death of 25,000 Greeks on the island of Chios and 15,000 Greeks and 40,000 Turks in the Peloponessos.The Greeks started to revolt in 1821. The Philiki Etairian leaders wanted to foster consciousness and resistance against the oppression of the Turks. Its leadership was first offered to Ioannis Kapodistrias of Corfu, who refused to accept due to misguided venture and a wrong timing, but it was accepted by Alexander Ipsiladis, a Phanariot, in 1820. Kapodistrias was assassinated after a few years. The Great Powers (France, Russia, and Great Britain) ruled Greece with the leadership of King Ludwig I of Bavaria who imposed monarchy but he was eventually voted out by the Greek Parliament.George I of Denmark took over after Ludwig I. Before 1824 has ended, the Peloponnese, including 2000 Egyptian army lead by Papaflesas was invaded by Sultan Mahmoud II and Ibrahim with 6000 Turks. They attacked and killed around 600 Greeks in Maniaki on the 20th day of May 1825. The Great Powers, favored the Greeks, initiated direct military intervention in July 1827, and mediated the quarrel between the Turks and the Greeks. Russia maintained the significance of Orthodox Christianity while France showed strong sympathy towards the Greek volunteers.The Orthodox Church was the basis of people’s cultural and economic life and it also hindered the stated from rapid change towards development since its ideas and teachings were opposed to those of the western nations. The Allied forces proposed an armis tice in order to conclude the battle. Greece accepted it but Turkey refused to reconcile. As a result, the Allied fleet was set to sail off the west coast of the Peloponnese through Navarino on October 20, 1827 under Admiral Codrington to support Greece.The Ottoman fleet fought against the Allied forces but it failed. In September 1829, Demetrios Ypsilanti, the brother of Alexander Ypsilanti, defeated the Turkish force in the border between Thebes and Livadia. This was the last engagement of the Turks and the time when Greek independence was achieved through the attainment of Peace of Adrianople between Russia and Turkey. People who contributed in the success of Greek revolution The attainment of freedom in Greece was realized due to the contribution of prominent figures that fought for freedom.Five among them were: (1) Theodoros Kolokotronis (1770 – 1834), a local hero, who lead in defeating Mahmud Dramali's army in 1822 of the Ottoman Empire as well the siege of Tripolis, w hich eventually surrendered and it marked the success of the Greek revolution for the first time; (2) Georgios Karaiskakis (1782 – 1827) was a military genius appointed as chief marshal of Eastern Greece and the first one to take part in the Greek revolution whose two victories at Arachova and Distomo made him famous; (3) Constantinos Kanaris (1793 – 1877) from Psara was successful in destroying Turkish fleets at Chios, Tenedos, Mytilene, Samos, and Alexandrian port to prevent Mehmet Ali's war preparations, for example; (4) Gregorios Dikaios (1788 – 1825), also named Papaflesas, was born at Messinia and became a monk in his teens. He was forced by the Turks to leave Greece due to his revolutionary character so he reached Constantinople and joined â€Å"Filiki Etairia†.Ypsilantis ordered him to return to Peloponnesos where he and started recruiting people for the revolution. He courageously fought against Ibrahim with 6000 Turks on 20 May 1825 until he die d; and (5) Nikitaras, head of the pallikars band, had successfully fought Kiaya Bey at Kaki Scala in March and April 1822 at Ayia Marina under Odysseus rule and was given a nickname of Tourkophagos when he killed 3,000 Turks in the battle. The diaspora and the building of the new State The Ottoman Empire had paralyzed the Greeks who had not undergone Renaissance, Reformation, and Enlightenment which resulted to slow progress and development of the lies of people in rural communities.The proponents of modernization brought western culture and parliamentary government, bureaucracy, and educational institutions to keep the nation in tact but its counterparts wanted to maintain their relationship with the motherland, which hindered modernization. The number of Greek migrants has increased with their aspirations for economic freedom and improvement. Romanticism became apparent through Lord Byron who supported the Greek revolutionaries and died in 1824. In 1828, Greece embraced a republic an constitution and the Turkish troops who occupied Acropolis left when the Allied Forces turned Greece into a monarchial democratic State in which the government’s political and judicial affairs are ruled of a Royal leader.They were interested in sovereign, the head of the State with the will of the people through election as the only source of the head’s power. The Greeks, including the ethnic group were able to expand its boundaries and conquered European territories. Many of them succeed, became leaders, and gained support from other nations. This diaspora has led to the building of the modern Greek State in 1830. The new State: Identities, political issues, and other problems Greeks who were living outside their motherland hoped for an independent State similar to the European model with a centralized constitution, army and navy, and diplomatic representatives. It was only realized under the leadership of King Otho of Bavaria.In 1831, the Allied Powers conducted a conference in London regarding the establishment of the new State and issued a protocol on February 23, 1832. One significant problem of the new State was that it is filled with Russian leaders. Otho was only seventeen years old when he was offered for the throne, but it was in 1833 when he arrived at Nauplia. However, it was not extremely disadvantageous they aimed to support the building the Greek State. Alexander Mavrokordatos was a National Assembly civilian leader who supporting the mission of Orlandos and Louriottis. He became a Secretary-General of the Executive Council (1823), Greece Prime Minister (1831, 1841, 1844, 1854-5), and a President of the legislative Senate. In 1835, King Otho ruled Athens.He neglected the promised National Assembly as the basis of the Constitution despite the earnest advice of Lord Palmerston and Sir Robert Peel. As a consequence, German influence developed a feeling of discontent and led to another revolt in 1841. On 15th September 1843, the peo ple dismissed Otho due to his failure in creating a constitutional regime. Finally, Greece attained freedom from foreign domination. Its liberation brought economic and intellectual progress. For instance, the University of Athens was established in 1837, which served as the center for propagation and preservation of Hellenic culture as well as in producing competitive professions.While others were not open to transformation and new opportunities, many Greeks accepted modernization, created a Western-liberal identity, entered the commercial world, and explored the ideas of the Enlightenment and Reason. The triple alliance supported the revolution and the upbringing of the new state but it faced many challenges such as: Greek’s debt incurred during the war; the oppressive taxation that resulted to brigandage; the free press and rights to express opinion; and the disputes between the members of Council of Regency. In spite of the difficulties, the Allied Powers remained morally responsible in building the State. Synthesis Greece was under the control of the Turks during the Ottoman Empire.Greece started the revolution in 1821 and its initiative to promote peace won the sympathy of the Allied Forces that helped won the battle in 1829. The building of the newly freed State in the early 1830s, however, was ruled mostly by Russian nationals. The Allied Forces encountered oppositions and obstacles in addition to public contempt of its oppressive and unfavorable political system. It was early in 1840s that Greece was totally liberated from foreign control. It was the diaspora, which started before the revolution and continued until 1830s that led to the transformation of the Greek state. It was the time when many Greek who crossed borders became successful in their life in the West.They were recognized by other European nations because of their exceptional talents, knowledge, skills ad the ability to succeed outside their native land. Indeed, education has brou ght light and true freedom to the Greek community. Bibliography 2005. â€Å"Greece,† Architectural Science Review 8(4). Crawley, C. W. The Question of Greek Independence: A Study of British Policy in the Near East, 1821-1833. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1930. Forster, Edward S. A Short History of Modern Greece, 1821-1956. London: Methuen, 1958. Glencross, Michael, â€Å"Greece Restored: Greece and the Greek War of Independence in French Romantic Historiography 1821-1830.† Journal of European Studies 27(1) (1997). Kaloudis, George, 2006. â€Å"Greeks of the Diaspora: Modernizers or an Obstacle to Progress?. † International Journal on World Peace 23(2). Kolokotronis, Theodoros. Encyclop? dia Britannica. (2007) Encyclop? dia Britannica Online, http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9045950. Nostos, â€Å"Greek Revolution 1821 – 1829. † nostos. com (2005), http://www. nostos. com/greekrev/ Schofield, Philip, and Jonathan Harris, eds . Legislator of the World: Writings on Codification, Law, and Education. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1998. Van Steen, Gonda, 2000. Venom in Verse: Aristophanes in Modern Greece. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.